Singh in 2009
| |
| 13th Prime Minister of India | |
|---|---|
| In office 22 May 2004 – 26 May 2014 | |
| President | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Pratibha Patil Pranab Mukherjee |
| Preceded by | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Succeeded by | Narendra Modi |
| Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha | |
| In office 21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Preceded by | Sikander Bakht |
| Succeeded by | Jaswant Singh |
| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 | |
| Prime Minister | P. V. Narasimha Rao |
| Preceded by | Yashwant Sinha |
| Succeeded by | Jaswant Singh |
| Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission | |
| In office 15 January 1985 – 31 August 1987 | |
| Prime Minister | Rajiv Gandhi |
| Preceded by | P. V. Narasimha Rao |
| Succeeded by | P. Shiv Shankar |
| Governor of the Reserve Bank of India | |
| In office 15 September 1982 – 15 January 1985 | |
| Preceded by | I. G. Patel |
| Succeeded by | Amitav Ghosh |
| Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) | |
| Assumed office 1991[1] | |
| Constituency | Assam |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 September 1932 Gah, Punjab, British India(now Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party |  Indian National Congress |
| Spouse(s) |
Gursharan Kaur (m. 1958)
|
| Children | Upinder, Daman, Amrit |
| Residence | 3, Motilal Nehru Marg, New Delhi[2][3] |
| Alma mater | Panjab University, Chandigarh St John's College, Cambridge Nuffield College, Oxford |
| Profession | Economist, bureaucrat and politician |
| Signature |  |
2.
Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: [mənˈmoːɦən ˈsɪ́ŋɡ] (
listen); born 26 September 1932) is an Indian economist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. The first Sikh in office, Singh was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.
Born in Gah (now in Punjab, Pakistan), Singh's family migrated to India during its partition in 1947. After obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the United Nations during 1966–69. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Over the 70s and 80s, Singh held several key posts in the Government of India, such as Chief Economic Advisor (1972–76), Reserve Bank governor (1982–85) and Planning Commission head (1985–87).
In 1991, as India faced a severe economic crisis, newly elected Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao surprisingly inducted the apolitical Singh into his cabinet as Finance Minister. Over the next few years, despite strong opposition, he as a Finance Minister carried out several structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures proved successful in averting the crisis, and enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress party fared poorly in the 1996 general election. Subsequently, Singh served as Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.
In 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the premiership to Manmohan Singh. Singh's first ministry executed several key legislations and projects, including the Rural Health Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Employment Guaranteescheme and Right to Information Act. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government to fall after Left Frontparties withdrew their support. Although India's economy grew rapidly under UPA I, its security was threatened by several terrorist incidents (including the 2008 Mumbai attacks) and the continuing Maoist insurgency.
The 2009 general election saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of Prime Minister. Over the next few years, Singh's second ministrygovernment faced a number of corruption charges—over the organisation of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the 2G spectrum allocation case and the allocation of coal blocks. After his term ended in 2014 he opted out from the race to the office of the Prime Minister of India during 2014 Indian general election. Singh was never a member of the Lok Sabha but continues to serve as a member of the Parliament of India, representing the state of Assam in the Rajya Sabha for the fifth consecutive term since 1991.
Honours, awards and international recognition
In March 1983, Panjab University awarded him Doctor of Letters and in 2009 created a Dr. Manmohan Singh chair in their economics department.In 1997, the University of Alberta awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Law degree. The University of Oxford awarded him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree in July 2005, and in October 2006, the University of Cambridge followed with the same honour. St. John's Collegefurther honoured him by naming a PhD Scholarship after him, the Dr. Manmohan Singh Scholarship. In 2008, he was awarded honorary Doctor of Letters degree by Benaras Hindu University and later that year he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree by University of Madras. In 2010, he was awarded honorary doctorate degree by King Saud University[105] and in 2013, he was awarded honorary doctorate degree by Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
Further more, he has also received honorary doctorates from University of Bologna, University of Jammu and Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee.
| Year | Name of Award or Honour | Awarding Organisation |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers | Government of Japan |
| 2010 | World Statesman Award | Appeal of Conscience Foundation |
| 2005 | Top 100 Influential People in the World | Time |
| 2005 | Honorary Fellowship | All India Institute of Medical Sciences |
| 2002 | Outstanding Parliamentarian Award | Indian Parliamentary Group |
| 2000 | Annasaheb Chirmule Award | Annasaheb Chirmule Trust |
| 1999 | H.H. Kanchi Sri Paramacharya Award for Excellence | Shri R. Venkataraman, The Centenarian Trust |
| 1999 | Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi | National Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
| 1997 | Lokmanya Tilak Award | Tilak Smarak Trust, Pune |
| 1997 | Justice K.S. Hegde Foundation Award | Justice K.S. Hegde Foundation |
| 1997 | Nikkei Asia prize for Regional Growth | Nihon Keizai Shimbun Inc. |
| 1996 | Honorary Professorship | Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi |
| 1995 | Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award (1994–95) | Indian Science Congress Association |
| 1994 | Finance Minister of the Year | Asiamoney |
| 1994 | Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award (1994–95) | Indian Science Congress Association. |
| 1994 | Elected Distinguished Fellow of the London School of Economics | London School of Economics, Centre for Asia Economy, Politics and Society |
| 1994 | Elected Honorary Fellow, Nuffield College | Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |
| 1994 | Elected Distinguished Fellow of the London School of Economics | London School of Economics, Centre for Asia Economy, Politics and Society |
| 1994 | Elected Honorary Fellow of the All India Management Association | All India Management Association |
| 1993 | Finance Minister of the Year | Euromoney |
| 1993 | Finance Minister of the Year | Asiamoney |
| 1987 | Padma Vibhushan | President of India |
| 1986 | Elected National Fellow, National Institute of Education | National Institute of Education |
| 1985 | Elected President of the Indian Economic Association | Indian Economic Association |
| 1982 | Elected Honorary Fellow, St. John's College | St John's College, Cambridge |
| 1982 | Elected Honorary Fellow, Indian Institute of Bankers | Indian Institute of Bankers |
| 1976 | Honorary Professorship | Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi |
| 1957 | Elected Wrenbury Scholar | University of Cambridge, UK |
| 1956 | Adam Smith Prize | University of Cambridge, UK |
| 1955 | Wright Prize for Distinguished Performance[10] | St. John's College, Cambridge, UK |
| 1954 | Uttar Chand Kapur Medal, for standing first in M.A. (Economics) | Panjab University, Chandigarh {Was then in Hoshiarpur, Punjab} |
| 1952 | University Medal for standing first in B.A. (Honors Economics) | Panjab University, Chandigarh |
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